ELD malfunction troubleshooting guide

Electronic Logging Devices (ELDs) play a key role in tracking Hours of Service (HOS) and ensuring compliance with FMCSA regulations. However, even the best ELDs can experience issues - from connectivity problems to diagnostic events and compliance malfunctions. This guide explains the most common causes of ELD malfunctions, a step-by-step troubleshooting process, and what to do if the device still isn’t working.

 

Common causes of ELD malfunctions

 

ELD malfunctions and data diagnostic events can occur for several reasons. The most common include:

  • Engine synchronization issues – when the ELD cannot properly read engine power status, engine hours, or vehicle motion status.
  • Power compliance malfunctions – when the device fails to power up or loses connection with the control module.
  • Connectivity issues – problems transferring ELD data to the motor carrier or FMCSA within the required timeframe.
  • Timing compliance malfunctions – when the ELD does not keep accurate time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
  • Data recording errors – when the device fails to log driving time or duty status correctly.

When any of these occur, drivers must act quickly to remain compliant.

 

Step-by-step troubleshooting process

 

  1. Identify the malfunction
    • Check the ELD display for error codes, malfunction alerts, or data diagnostic notifications.
  2. Restart the ELD unit
    • Power cycle the device to refresh connectivity and reset the control module.
  3. Verify engine synchronization
    • Ensure the device is accurately recording engine power status, engine hours, and vehicle motion status.
  4. Check connectivity
    • Confirm that the ELD can transfer data to your motor carrier. Test data transfer functions as required by FMCSA.
  5. Switch to paper logs
    • If the malfunction prevents proper recording, drivers must immediately switch to paper Records of Duty Status (RODS).
  6. Notify your motor carrier

    • Drivers are required to report the malfunction to their motor carrier within 24 hours.

       

What to do if the ELD still Isn’t working

 

  • Continue using paper logs to track HOS until the issue is resolved.
  • Repair or replace the malfunctioning ELD within 8 days of the occurrence.
  • Request an FMCSA extension if the issue cannot be fixed within 8 days.

Remaining compliant during an ELD malfunction means documenting driving time, duty status, and engine hours accurately until the device is restored.

 

Preventing future malfunctions

 

While malfunctions can’t always be avoided, you can reduce the risk by:

  • Regularly updating your ELD provider’s software and firmware.
  • Running routine checks on connectivity and data transfer functions.
  • Training drivers to recognize and respond to diagnostic events.
  • Keeping backup paper logs in the vehicle at all times.

This proactive approach helps avoid costly disruptions and compliance penalties.

 

Conclusion

 

An ELD malfunction doesn’t have to stop your business if you know how to respond. Identify the issue, switch to paper logs, notify your motor carrier, and resolve the malfunction within FMCSA’s required timeframe — and your fleet stays compliant and operational.

👉 But with Unity ELD, you won’t face these problems: our solution offers stability, 24/7 support, and fast response times. We make sure your drivers and fleet stay on the road without interruptions.